The golf was known in England and in France in the Middle Ages. Despite no being the origin of the sport, Scotland is called the "home of golf", where the official first club golf course, St. Andrews, was open four centuries ago. Afterwards, in 1744, the rules of golf were officially documented and the game started to get wide popularity.Nowadays golf is very popular outdoor game in which players hit a small hard ball with specially designed clubs which gave the name of the game as club in German means "kolbe". The aim of the game is to hit a ball with a club so that the ball goes into a cup that is sunk in the ground and marked with a flag. By using many types of clubs players attempt to hit balls into each hole on a golf course with the lowest number of strokes.
Golf is one of few games that do not require a standardized playing area. The game is played on golf courses, each of which characterizes a unique design. A standard golf course consists of 18 holes, each with teeing ground, grass fairway, rough and other hazards, and a putting green, a smooth grass surface with a flagstick (pin) and cup, all designed for golf. A hole is classified by its par; the number of strokes a golfer should require striking ball in the hole.
The teeing ground or tee-box is the area at the beginning of a hole from which the player's first stroke is made. After the first shot from the tee (teeing off), the player hits the ball from where it came to rest toward the green.
The area between the tee box and the putting green where the grass is cut short is called the fairway and is the most advantageous area to hit. The area between the fairway and the out-of-bounds markers and also between the fairway and green is the rough, the grass of which is cut higher than that of the fairway.
Putting green is an area of closely mown grass at the end of a fairway where the hole is located. The grass of the putting green is cut very short so that a ball can roll long distances. The quality of grass impacts the roll of the ball. The different levels of grass are varied to increase difficulty, or to allow for putting on the green. Obstacles or hazards such as water, tall grass called rough, or traps filled with sand may be located near green or fairway.